Circa 1964 Stand with Elijah Muhammad SPLIT WITH MALCOLM X Black Muslims Pin

Description

THIS LISTING BEGAN ON SEPTEMBER 17, 2021 AND
WILL END WITHIN  30 DAYS
,
ON OR BEFORE  OCTOBER 17, 2021,
IF THE ITEM IS NOT SOLD
OFFERED FOR SALE IS THIS
1 3/4 INCH CELLULOID PINBACK BUTTON
IN WHAT I BELIEVE TO BE REALLY GREAT SHAPE.
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This SCARCE Pin was issued and sold
circa
1964 at the time of the rift and then split of Malcolm X from the Hon Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam or Black Muslims, in order to show support for Elijah Muhammad. Not long after the split, Malcolm X was assassinated by supporters of Elijah Muhammad, with the assistance/encouragement of the FBI. (See history below.)
The pin had a photo of Elijah Muhammad and reads:
I STAND WITH    THE HON ELIJAH MUHAMMAD
.
ELIJAH MUHAMMAD
was a black religious leader, who led the
Nation of Islam
(NOI) from 1934 until his death in 1975. He was a
mentor to
Malcolm X
,
Louis Farrakhan
and
Muhammad Ali
.
Muhammad preached his own version of Islam to his followers in the Nation.
According to him
,
blacks were known as the 'original' human being
, with 'evil' whites being an offshoot race that would go on to oppress black people for 6,000 years. He preached that the Nation of Islam's goal was to return the stolen hegemony of the inferior whites back to blacks across America.
Much of Elijah Muhammad's teachings
appealed to young, economically disadvantaged, African-American males from Christian backgrounds
. Elijah Muhammad's
program for economic development
played a large part in the growth in the Nation of Islam. He
purchased land and businesses to provide housing and employment for young black males
.
Rift with Malcolm X
Rumors were circulating among Nation of Islam members that
Muhammad was conducting extramarital affairs with young Nation secretaries
‍—‌which would constitute a
serious violation of Nation teachings
. After first discounting the rumors,
Malcolm X came to believe them
after he spoke with Muhammad's son Wallace and with the women making the accusations.
Muhammad confirmed the rumors in 1963
, attempting to justify his behavior by referring to precedents set by
Biblical prophets
.
On
December 1, 1963
, when asked for a comment about the
assassination of President John F. Kennedy
,
Malcolm X said
that it was a case of "
chickens coming home to roost
". He added that "chickens coming home to roost never did make me sad; they've always made me glad." The New York Times wrote, "in further criticism of Mr. Kennedy, the Muslim leader
cited the murders of Patrice Lumumba, Congo leader, of Medgar Evers, civil rights leader, and of the Negro girls bombed earlier this year in a Birmingham church
. These, he said, were instances of other 'chickens coming home to roost'."
The remarks prompted a
widespread public outcry
. The
Nation of Islam
, which had sent a message of condolence to the Kennedy family and ordered its ministers not to comment on the assassination,
publicly censured their former shining star. Malcolm X
retained his post and rank as minister, but was
prohibited from public speaking for 90 days
.
Malcolm X
had
by now become a media favorite
, and some Nation members believed
he was a threat to Muhammad's leadership and
greatly upset Muhammad and made him envious.
On March 8, 1964
,
Malcolm X publicly announced his break from the Nation of Islam
. He was still a Muslim, he said, but felt that the Nation had "gone as far as it can" because of its rigid teachings.
Malcolm X said
he was planning to organize a black nationalist organization
to "heighten the political consciousness" of African Americans. He also expressed
a desire to work with other civil rights leaders, saying that Elijah Muhammad had prevented him from doing so in the past.
Malcolm X founded
Muslim Mosque, Inc
. (MMI), a religious organization, and the
Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU
), a secular group that advocated Pan-Africanism.
On March 26, 1964,
he met Martin Luther King Jr.
for the first and only time‍
as both men attended the Senate's debate on the Civil Rights bill.
In April, Malcolm X gave a speech titled "
The Ballot or the Bullet
", in which he
advised African Americans to exercise their right to vote wisely
but cautioned that if the government continued to prevent African Americans from attaining full equality,
it might be necessary for them to take up arms
.
Threats and Attempts on the life of Malcolm X
Throughout 1964
, as his
conflict with the Nation of Islam intensified
, Malcolm X was repeatedly threatened.
In
February
, a leader of
Temple Number Seven
ordered the
bombing of Malcolm X's car
. In March, Muhammad told Boston minister
Louis X
(later known as
Louis Farrakhan
) that "
hypocrites like Malcolm should have their heads cut off
"; the April 10 edition of
Muhammad Speaks
featured a cartoon depicting Malcolm X's bouncing, severed head.
On June 8, FBI surveillance recorded a telephone call in which
Betty Shabazz
was told that her husband was "as good as dead". Four days later, an FBI informant received a tip that "
Malcolm X is going to be bumped off
." (That same month the Nation sued to reclaim Malcolm X's residence in East Elmhurst, Queens, New York.
On July 9
Muhammad aide
John Ali
(suspected of being
an undercover FBI agent
)
referred to Malcolm X by saying, "
Anyone who opposes the Honorable Elijah Muhammad
puts their life in jeopardy
." In the December 4 issue of Muhammad Speaks, Louis X wrote that "
such a man as Malcolm is worthy of death
".
The September 1964 issue of Ebony dramatized Malcolm X's defiance of these threats by
publishing a photograph of him holding an M1 carbine while peering out a window
. (See photo.)
Assassination of Malcolm X by NOI Members
On
February 19, 1965
, Malcolm X told interviewer Gordon Parks that
the Nation of Islam was actively trying to kill him
.
On February 21, 1965
, he was preparing to address the
OAAU
in Manhattan's Audubon Ballroom when someone in the 400-person audience yelled, "Nigger! Get your hand outta my pocket!"
As Malcolm X and his bodyguards tried to quell the disturbance, a man rushed forward and shot him once in the chest
with a sawed-off shotgun
and
two other men charged the stage firing semi-automatic handguns
. Malcolm X was pronounced dead at 3:30 pm, shortly after arriving at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital. The autopsy identified
21 gunshot wounds to the chest, left shoulder, arms and legs, including ten buckshot wounds from the initial shotgun blast
.
One gunman
,
Nation of Islam member
Talmadge Hayer
(also known as Thomas Hagan), was
beaten by the crowd
before police arrived. Witnesses identified the other
gunmen
as
Nation members Norman 3X Butler
and
Thomas 15X Johnson
.
All three were convicted of murder in March 1966
and sentenced to life in prison.
At trial
Hayer confessed
, but refused to identify the other assailants except to assert that they were not Butler and Johnson.
In 1977 and 1978, Hayer signed affidavits reasserting Butler's and Johnson's innocence, naming four other Nation members as participants in the murder or its planning. These affidavits did not result in the overturning of their convictions.
Nation of Islam Involvement
After the assassination,
Elijah Muhammad
told the annual Savior's Day convention on February 26, "
Malcolm X got just what he preached
", but denied any involvement with the murder. "We didn't want to kill Malcolm and didn't try to kill him", Muhammad said. "
We know such ignorant, foolish teachings would bring him to his own end
."
The family of Malcolm X,
among others, have accused
Louis Farrakhan of involvement in Malcolm X's assassination
. In a
1993 speech Farrakhan seemed to acknowledge the possibility that the Nation of Islam was responsible
:
"Was Malcolm your traitor or ours? And if we dealt with him like a nation deals with a traitor, what the hell business is it of yours?
A nation has to be able to deal with traitors and cutthroats and turncoats."
COINTELPRO - FBI
Involvement
In the 1970s, the public learned about
COINTELPRO
and other secret FBI programs
established to infiltrate and disrupt civil rights organizations during the 1950s and 1960s
.
John Ali, national secretary of the Nation of Islam, was believed to have been an FBI undercover agent.
Malcolm X had confided to a reporter that
Ali exacerbated tensions between him and Elijah Muhammad
, and that
he considered Ali his "archenemy"
within the Nation of Islam leadership.
Ali had a meeting with Talmadge Hayer, one of the men convicted of killing Malcolm X, the night before the assassination
.
This underground pinback button pin or badge relates to the Hippie (or Hippy ) Counterculture Movement of the psychedelic Sixties (1960s and Seventies (1970s).  That movement included such themes and topics as peace, protest, civil rights, radical, socialist, communist, anarchist, union labor strikes, drugs, marijuana, pot, weed, lsd, acid, sds, iww, anti draft, anti war, anti rotc, welfare rights, poverty, equal rights, integration, gay, women's rights, black panthers, black power, left wing, liberal, etc.  progressive political movement and is guaranteed to be genuine as described.
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The strategy and methods that the Deacons employed attracted the attention and concern of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which authorized an investigation into the group’s activities. The investigation stalled, however, when more influential black power organizations such as US and the
Black Panther Party
emerged after the
1965 Watts Riot
.  With public attention, and the attention of the FBI focused elsewhere, the Deacons lost most of their notoriety and slowly declined in influence.  By 1968 they were all but extinct.  In 2003 the activities of the Deacons was the subject of a 2003, “Deacons for Defense.” - See more at: HTTPS://www.blackpast.org/aah/deacons-defense-and-justice#sthash.s6D3h3ZZ.dpuf
On July 10, 1964, a group of African American men in Jonesboro,
Louisiana
led by Earnest “Chilly Willy” Thomas and Frederick Douglas Kirkpatrick founded the group known as The Deacons for Defense and Justice to protect members of the
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
against Ku Klux Klan violence.  Most of the “Deacons” were veterans of
World War II
and the
Korean War
. The Jonesboro chapter organized its first affiliate chapter in nearby Bogalusa, Louisiana led by Charles Sims, A.Z. Young and Robert Hicks. Eventually they organized a third chapter in Louisiana. The Deacons tense confrontation with the Klan in Bogalusa was crucial in forcing the federal government to intervene on behalf of the local African American community.  The national attention they garnered also persuaded state and national officials to initiate efforts to neutralize the Klan in that area of the Deep South.
The Deacons emerged as one of the first visible self-defense forces in the South and as such represented a new face of the
civil rights
movement.  Traditional civil rights organizations remained silent on them or repudiated their activities.  They were effective however in providing protection for local African Americans who sought to register to vote and for white and black civil rights workers in the area.  The Deacons, for example, provided security for the 1966 March Against Fear from Memphis to Jackson,
Mississippi
.  Moreover their presence in Southeastern Louisiana meant that the Klan would no longer be able to intimidate and terrorize local African Americans without challenge.
The strategy and methods that the Deacons employed attracted the attention and concern of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which authorized an investigation into the group’s activities. The investigation stalled, however, when more influential black power organizations such as US and the
Black Panther Party
emerged after the
1965 Watts Riot
.  With public attention, and the attention of the FBI focused elsewhere, the Deacons lost most of their notoriety and slowly declined in influence.  By 1968 they were all but extinct.  In 2003 the activities of the Deacons was the subject of a 2003, “Deacons for Defense.” - See more at: HTTPS://www.blackpast.org/aah/deacons-defense-and-justice#sthash.s6D3h3ZZ.dpuf
On July 10, 1964, a group of African American men in Jonesboro,
Louisiana
led by Earnest “Chilly Willy” Thomas and Frederick Douglas Kirkpatrick founded the group known as The Deacons for Defense and Justice to protect members of the
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
against Ku Klux Klan violence.  Most of the “Deacons” were veterans of
World War II
and the
Korean War
. The Jonesboro chapter organized its first affiliate chapter in nearby Bogalusa, Louisiana led by Charles Sims, A.Z. Young and Robert Hicks. Eventually they organized a third chapter in Louisiana. The Deacons tense confrontation with the Klan in Bogalusa was crucial in forcing the federal government to intervene on behalf of the local African American community.  The national attention they garnered also persuaded state and national officials to initiate efforts to neutralize the Klan in that area of the Deep South.
The Deacons emerged as one of the first visible self-defense forces in the South and as such represented a new face of the
civil rights
movement.  Traditional civil rights organizations remained silent on them or repudiated their activities.  They were effective however in providing protection for local African Americans who sought to register to vote and for white and black civil rights workers in the area.  The Deacons, for example, provided security for the 1966 March Against Fear from Memphis to Jackson,
Mississippi
.  Moreover their presence in Southeastern Louisiana meant that the Klan would no longer be able to intimidate and terrorize local African Americans without challenge.
The strategy and methods that the Deacons employed attracted the attention and concern of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which authorized an investigation into the group’s activities. The investigation stalled, however, when more influential black power organizations such as US and the
Black Panther Party
emerged after the
1965 Watts Riot
.  With public attention, and the attention of the FBI focused elsewhere, the Deacons lost most of their notoriety and slowly declined in influence.  By 1968 they were all but extinct.  In 2003 the activities of the Deacons was the subject of a 2003, “Deacons for Defense.” - See more at: HTTPS://www.blackpast.org/aah/deacons-defense-and-justice#sthash.s6D3h3ZZ.dpuf
On July 10, 1964, a group of African American men in Jonesboro,
Louisiana
led by Earnest “Chilly Willy” Thomas and Frederick Douglas Kirkpatrick founded the group known as The Deacons for Defense and Justice to protect members of the
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
against Ku Klux Klan violence.  Most of the “Deacons” were veterans of
World War II
and the
Korean War
. The Jonesboro chapter organized its first affiliate chapter in nearby Bogalusa, Louisiana led by Charles Sims, A.Z. Young and Robert Hicks. Eventually they organized a third chapter in Louisiana. The Deacons tense confrontation with the Klan in Bogalusa was crucial in forcing the federal government to intervene on behalf of the local African American community.  The national attention they garnered also persuaded state and national officials to initiate efforts to neutralize the Klan in that area of the Deep South. - See more at: HTTPS://www.blackpast.org/aah/deacons-defense-and-justice#sthash.s6D3h3ZZ.dpuf