Free Mumia ! Stop the Execution ! Civil Rights Police Abuse Racism Protest Pin

Description

THIS LISTING BEGAN ON JANUARY 26, 2021 AND
WILL END WITHIN  30 DAYS
,
ON OR BEFORE FEBRUARY 25, 2021,
IF THE ITEM IS NOT SOLD
OFFERED FOR SALE IS THIS
2 1/4 INCH CELLULOID PINBACK BUTTONS
IN WHAT I BELIEVE TO BE REALLY GREAT SHAPE.
HOWEVER, THAT IS JUST MY OPINION.  SEE PHOTOS FOR CONDITION, AND YOU BE THE JUDGE.
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, PLEASE CONTACT ME BEFORE BIDDING OR BUYING.
RETURNS ARE NOT ACCEPTED UNLESS THE ITEM IS NOT AS DESCRIBED OR SHOWN IN THE PHOTOS OR HAS SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE OR DEFECTS  NOT VISIBLE IN THE PHOTOS OR OTHERWISE DESCRIBED.
I WILL COMBINE - REDUCE SHIPPING CHARGES ON PURCHASE OF MULTIPLE ITEMS
.  HOWEVER
YOU MUST WAIT TO PAY UNTIL YOU RECEIVE AN INVOICE
WITH REDUCED SHIPPING CHARGE. YOU CAN REQUEST ONE TOO. I CANNOT AND WILL NOT REFUND DUPLICATE SHIPPING CHARGES ONCE PAID, EITHER IN WHOLE OR IN PART.
GUARANTEED AUTHENTIC AND ORIGINAL AS DESCRIBED
.
Check out my other Political and Social Protest and Cause items!
This pin was
i
ssued to raise funds and support for the release from prison of black activist and opponent of police brutality and racism
,  Mumia Abul-Jamal,
who was sentenced to death for an altercation with Philadelphia police that resulted in the death of an officer. His 1982 death sentence was commuted to a life sentence without parole in 2001.
Of note, from
1968 to 1970
, Mumia was a member of the
Black Panther Party for Self Defense
.
The pin has a
reddish
background color.  There are a number of different color varieties of this pin, a few of which I have listed along with this reddish one, and I will be listing more in the future.
Regardless of which background color, the pin has a photo of Mumia, and reads:
Stop the Execution!
Free Mumia Abu-Jamal!
Accordingly, the pin was issued
prior to 2001
, when Mumia's death sentence was reduced to life in prison.
Mumia Abu-Jamal
(born Wesley Cook; April 24, 1954) is a political activist and journalist who was convicted of murder and sentenced to death in 1982 for the 1981 murder of Philadelphia police officer Daniel Faulkner.
At 3:55 am on
December 9, 1981
, in
Philadelphia
, close to the intersection at 13th and Locust streets, Philadelphia Police Department
officer Daniel Faulkner conducted a traffic stop
on a vehicle belonging to and driven by William
Cook, Abu-Jamal's younger brother
. Faulkner and Cook became engaged in
a physical confrontation
. Driving his cab in the vicinity,
Mumia Abu-Jamal observed the altercation
, parked, and ran across the street toward Cook's car. Faulkner was shot in the back and face.
He shot Abu-Jamal in the stomach
. Faulkner died at the scene from the gunshot to his head.
Mumia became widely known while on death row for
his writings and commentary on the criminal justice system
in the United States. After numerous appeals, his death penalty sentence was overturned by a Federal court. In 2011, the prosecution agreed to a sentence of life imprisonment without parole. He entered the general prison population early the following year.
Beginning at the age of 14 in 1968, Abu-Jamal became
involved with the Black Panther Party
and was
a member until October 1970
. After he left the party, he completed his high school education, and later became a radio reporter. He eventually served as president of the Philadelphia Association of Black Journalists. He
supported the MOVE Organization in Philadelphia
and covered the
1978
confrontation in which one police officer was killed. The MOVE Nine were the members who were arrested and convicted of murder in that case.
Since 1982,
the murder trial of Abu-Jamal has been seriously criticized for constitutional failings
; some have claimed that he is innocent, and many opposed his death sentence. The Faulkner family, public authorities, police organizations, and other groups believe that Abu-Jamal's trial was fair, his guilt undeniable, and his death sentence appropriate.
When his death sentence was overturned by a Federal court in 2001,
he was described as
"
perhaps the world's best-known death-row inmate" by The New York Times
. During his imprisonment, Abu-Jamal has published books and commentaries on social and political issues; his first book was
Live from Death Row
(1995).
This underground pinback button pin or badge relates to the Hippie (or Hippy ) Counterculture Movement of the psychedelic Sixties (1960s and Seventies (1970s).  That movement included such themes and topics as peace, protest, civil rights, radical, socialist, communist, anarchist, union labor strikes, drugs, marijuana, pot, weed, lsd, acid, sds, iww, anti draft, anti war, anti rotc, welfare rights, poverty, equal rights, integration, gay, women's rights, black panthers, black power, left wing, liberal, etc.  progressive political movement and is guaranteed to be genuine as described.
THIS IS
MY HOBBY AND IS NOT A BUSINESS
.  THIS AND OTHER ITEMS I LIST ON EBAY ARE FROM MY PERSONAL COLLECTIONS AND WERE NOT INITIALLY ACQUIRED BY ME FOR RESALE.  PROCEEDS GO TO BUY OTHER STUFF I AM INTERESTED IN COLLECTING AT THIS MOMENT, AND THEREBY AMOUNTING TO A TRADE OF ITEMS.
I HAVE BEEN A LONG TIME MEMBER OF
A. P. I .C. (AMERICAN POLITICAL ITEMS COLLECTORS)
.  IF YOU ARE NOT A MEMBER, YOU SHOULD CONSIDER JOINING.
IT IS A GREAT ORGANIZATION!
SHIPPING:
ITEMS WILL BE SAFELY PACKED TO AVOID DAMAGE DURING SHIPPING.  ITEMS ARE SHIPPED BY FIRST CLASS MAIL.
SHIPPING TO DESTINATIONS
WITHIN THE UNITED STATES
IS
.50
OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES
, SHIPPING IS
.00
I WILL COMBINE SHIPPING CHARGES ON MULTIPLE ITEMS
.  However, to get a reduced shipping rate on multiple purchases,
you must wait to pay until I send an invoice with reduced shipping charges
.  You can also request one.
I cannot refund shipping costs in whole or in part once paid
. So
please wait to pay!
THANK YOU FOR YOUR INTEREST
The Deacons emerged as one of the first visible self-defense forces in the South and as such represented a new face of the
civil rights
movement.  Traditional civil rights organizations remained silent on them or repudiated their activities.  They were effective however in providing protection for local African Americans who sought to register to vote and for white and black civil rights workers in the area.  The Deacons, for example, provided security for the 1966 March Against Fear from Memphis to Jackson,
Mississippi
.  Moreover their presence in Southeastern Louisiana meant that the Klan would no longer be able to intimidate and terrorize local African Americans without challenge.
The strategy and methods that the Deacons employed attracted the attention and concern of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which authorized an investigation into the group’s activities. The investigation stalled, however, when more influential black power organizations such as US and the
Black Panther Party
emerged after the
1965 Watts Riot
.  With public attention, and the attention of the FBI focused elsewhere, the Deacons lost most of their notoriety and slowly declined in influence.  By 1968 they were all but extinct.  In 2003 the activities of the Deacons was the subject of a 2003, “Deacons for Defense.” - See more at: HTTPS://www.blackpast.org/aah/deacons-defense-and-justice#sthash.s6D3h3ZZ.dpuf
On July 10, 1964, a group of African American men in Jonesboro,
Louisiana
led by Earnest “Chilly Willy” Thomas and Frederick Douglas Kirkpatrick founded the group known as The Deacons for Defense and Justice to protect members of the
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
against Ku Klux Klan violence.  Most of the “Deacons” were veterans of
World War II
and the
Korean War
. The Jonesboro chapter organized its first affiliate chapter in nearby Bogalusa, Louisiana led by Charles Sims, A.Z. Young and Robert Hicks. Eventually they organized a third chapter in Louisiana. The Deacons tense confrontation with the Klan in Bogalusa was crucial in forcing the federal government to intervene on behalf of the local African American community.  The national attention they garnered also persuaded state and national officials to initiate efforts to neutralize the Klan in that area of the Deep South.
The Deacons emerged as one of the first visible self-defense forces in the South and as such represented a new face of the
civil rights
movement.  Traditional civil rights organizations remained silent on them or repudiated their activities.  They were effective however in providing protection for local African Americans who sought to register to vote and for white and black civil rights workers in the area.  The Deacons, for example, provided security for the 1966 March Against Fear from Memphis to Jackson,
Mississippi
.  Moreover their presence in Southeastern Louisiana meant that the Klan would no longer be able to intimidate and terrorize local African Americans without challenge.
The strategy and methods that the Deacons employed attracted the attention and concern of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which authorized an investigation into the group’s activities. The investigation stalled, however, when more influential black power organizations such as US and the
Black Panther Party
emerged after the
1965 Watts Riot
.  With public attention, and the attention of the FBI focused elsewhere, the Deacons lost most of their notoriety and slowly declined in influence.  By 1968 they were all but extinct.  In 2003 the activities of the Deacons was the subject of a 2003, “Deacons for Defense.” - See more at: HTTPS://www.blackpast.org/aah/deacons-defense-and-justice#sthash.s6D3h3ZZ.dpuf
On July 10, 1964, a group of African American men in Jonesboro,
Louisiana
led by Earnest “Chilly Willy” Thomas and Frederick Douglas Kirkpatrick founded the group known as The Deacons for Defense and Justice to protect members of the
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
against Ku Klux Klan violence.  Most of the “Deacons” were veterans of
World War II
and the
Korean War
. The Jonesboro chapter organized its first affiliate chapter in nearby Bogalusa, Louisiana led by Charles Sims, A.Z. Young and Robert Hicks. Eventually they organized a third chapter in Louisiana. The Deacons tense confrontation with the Klan in Bogalusa was crucial in forcing the federal government to intervene on behalf of the local African American community.  The national attention they garnered also persuaded state and national officials to initiate efforts to neutralize the Klan in that area of the Deep South.
The Deacons emerged as one of the first visible self-defense forces in the South and as such represented a new face of the
civil rights
movement.  Traditional civil rights organizations remained silent on them or repudiated their activities.  They were effective however in providing protection for local African Americans who sought to register to vote and for white and black civil rights workers in the area.  The Deacons, for example, provided security for the 1966 March Against Fear from Memphis to Jackson,
Mississippi
.  Moreover their presence in Southeastern Louisiana meant that the Klan would no longer be able to intimidate and terrorize local African Americans without challenge.
The strategy and methods that the Deacons employed attracted the attention and concern of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which authorized an investigation into the group’s activities. The investigation stalled, however, when more influential black power organizations such as US and the
Black Panther Party
emerged after the
1965 Watts Riot
.  With public attention, and the attention of the FBI focused elsewhere, the Deacons lost most of their notoriety and slowly declined in influence.  By 1968 they were all but extinct.  In 2003 the activities of the Deacons was the subject of a 2003, “Deacons for Defense.” - See more at: HTTPS://www.blackpast.org/aah/deacons-defense-and-justice#sthash.s6D3h3ZZ.dpuf
On July 10, 1964, a group of African American men in Jonesboro,
Louisiana
led by Earnest “Chilly Willy” Thomas and Frederick Douglas Kirkpatrick founded the group known as The Deacons for Defense and Justice to protect members of the
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
against Ku Klux Klan violence.  Most of the “Deacons” were veterans of
World War II
and the
Korean War
. The Jonesboro chapter organized its first affiliate chapter in nearby Bogalusa, Louisiana led by Charles Sims, A.Z. Young and Robert Hicks. Eventually they organized a third chapter in Louisiana. The Deacons tense confrontation with the Klan in Bogalusa was crucial in forcing the federal government to intervene on behalf of the local African American community.  The national attention they garnered also persuaded state and national officials to initiate efforts to neutralize the Klan in that area of the Deep South. - See more at: HTTPS://www.blackpast.org/aah/deacons-defense-and-justice#sthash.s6D3h3ZZ.dpuf